feitsche



(No ModeL) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. FRITSCHE.

DYNAMO 'ELEGTRIO MACHINE. No. 386,775. Patented July 24, 1888.

WA wwaizaz 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

W. FRITSCHH.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Patented July 24, 1888.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 3,

W. FRITSOHE. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

N0. 386,775. Patented July 24,1888.

W. FRITSGHB.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINE.

Patented July 24, 1888.

(No Model.) '1 Sheets-Sheet 5,

W. PRITSOEE,

DYNAMO ELEUTRIO MACHINE.

No. 386,775. "Patented Juiy 24, 1888.

v I I M *Q/ (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6.

W. PRITSGHE.

DYNAMO ELEGTRIO MACHINE. No. 386,775. Patented July 24, 1888.

FE] E M/ '@%/W M UNIT D STATES PAT NT OFFICE,

WVALDEMAR FRITSGHE, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

DYNAMO-ELECTRVI) MACHlNE.

SPECIFICATION forvniz part of Letters Patent No. 386,775; dated July 24, 1888.

Application filed November 4, 1887. Serial No. 254,213. (No model.)- Patented in Belgium Scptemherfll, 1887, No. 757,008; in France September '27, 1887, X0. 186,093. and in Austria-Hungary February 26, 1388. No. 37,996 and No. 6,1510.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1., \VALDEMAR FRITSOHE, engineer, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at Berlin liarlstrasse 31, Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Machines, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Belgium, dated September 27, 1887, No.79,008; in France, dated September 27, 1887, No. 186,093, and in Austria-Hungary, dated Feb ruary 26,1888, No. 87,999 and N o 6,190,) and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled n the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to the accompany; i'ng drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 1s a schematic view illustrating the modeof wind ing a diskaiwnature or arranging the rods or bars for such an armature. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the disk-armature. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section, shown partly in elevation, of a dynamoelectricmachine embodying my improvements. Fig. 4 IS a vertical transverse section of a cylindrical armature wound or having its rods or bars arranged according to my invention. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section, shown partly in elevation, providedwith the cylindrical armature shown in Figs. 4 and 6. Fi 6 is an elevation of said cylindrical armature, and Fig. 7 a projection of the perimeter thereof.

The inyention relates to dynamo-electric machines; and it consists in the mode OfWll1d ing the wire or cable or arranging the rods or bars; also, in the means for taking off the currents directly from the armature, whereby the usual commutator is dispensed with; also, in

a disk-armature devoid of a core, and, finally, in certain structural features and combinations of parts, substantially as hereinafter fullydescribcd, and as set forth in the claims. I I will first describe the mode of winding :1.

continuous wire or a plurality of wires or a cable; but it will be understood thatin either of armature, whether disk or cylindrical, reds or bars may be similarly arranged and 111 such a manner that ineithcr case they will return upon themselves. v

Referring to Fig. 1, two groups of wires are employed lying in one and the same plane and having their points of divergence or connection or contact v in different planes onconcentric circles.

For convenience of description I will refer hereinafter as points of contact to those points from which the wire passes from one place to the other, or at which the rods or bars are connectcd, for they are such practically.

The number of points of contact is the same on both circles and depends upon the number of poles. If the dynamo-electric machine has poles and if each pole is to have on points of contact, the total number of points of contact in order to return the wire upon itself will be n m1, or n m-2,'or n m3, &c., according as the wire is wound singly or in pairs or by threes, 810., in parallel planes. A disregard of this rule will result in an armature the sections of which are formed by wires or elements of unequal length, which results 'in loss of current and in the production of 7 sparks, and this applies both to disk and cylindrical arinatures.

The disk-armature shown in Figs. 1 and 2 has eight poles, each pole having ten points of contact, hence according to above rule each of the concentric circles will have 8 101 points of contact. This will give us four ar- ,lllfllllllBSQClllODS, three of which have twenty points of contact on each of the concentric circles O and 0, while the fourth section will a have only nineteen. Although the contacts on both circles lie in the same radial planes, yet invicw of the mode of winding or the inclination of each wire-section the points of contact of each section or cle- 9o ment will lie in different radial planes, which difference will depend upon the degree of inclinati'on of the wire-sections.

In the disk-armature referred to the degree of inclination or divergence is such that the 5 contactpoint of one wire section or element on the inner circle, 0', will lie in a radial plane distant ten points from its point-of divergence or contact on the outer circle, 0. Starting,

for instance, at the point 1 a of the outer circle, Ioo

" O, the

point of contact of the wire. on the inner circle, will lie. in a radial line ten points farther than said point 1 a, and this is the'case for all of thesections, Inasmuch as the fourth section has only'niueteen points, it is obvious that the wire will not return to point 1 a on the outer circle, 0, but to the point 2 next thereto on the right, and so on through the other sec tions, the wire starting again fromthe point 3 next to the point 2 on the right of point La.

If this winding .is continued, the wire will finally returnupon itself at point 1 d, as will be readily understood. In conformity with the winding of such an armature, the shape of the field-magnets will bedetermined by four of: the wire sections or-elements diverging from two contact-points lyingin the same'radial 'plane, and will have the form or approximately the form of a trapezoid in cross-section, I and the polarity of-the field-magnets of a pair as l well as that of the successive'pairs will be re versed.

The direction of thcind uced currents through the winding is indicated by arrow-heads on the wire, so that the phenomena ofindnction and its efi'ect in the armature may be readily-comprehended; and if we suppose a north pole to :lie above theplane of the diagram, Fig. 1, at

" 1 a, the rotation of the armature will be in the direction of the arrow w. l The currents are takenofl at two points on radial lines passing through the axis of two successivepoles, as at a 1 and bll, Fig.1, as hereinafter described, the

1 armature serving as commutator. If two or three, &c., parallel wires are tobe wound, as

' described, the number of. contact-points will be 78, 77, &c. I

' In practice the armature consists of a spokewheel, 0, made of two sections, a and'c', each provided witha peripheral half groove, 0',

- whose lateral walls converge outwardly, so as to form a groove in theperimeter of the wheel decreasingin width outwardly. In this groove is clamped a ring, O,formedb y suitable blocks of insulating material, and the elements or points of con tact arranged alternately to isolate the elements from one another and from the wheel, a suitable insulating material being interposed between the blocks and elements and the wal s' of the groove '0. A similar outer ring, 0, is formed and connected with the in ner ring, 0', by insulated radial arms or spokes. When, however, rods or bars d d are employed instead of the wire, the said rods or bars serve as spokes toconnect the two rings, ,as willrbe readily understood. a v

- In either construction a stay-ring on oppositesides of "the ring. 0 maybe employedto give the latter greater stability; or said ring 0 may be made of sufiicient width to apply a tire or tires so arranged as, to. leave a space between them for the device usedfor taking off thecurrent, eitherthe stay-rings or tire or the currents ed-thereby perimeter isfour the opposite side,

' will start from seems 3, that has its hearings in a suitable frame, in which are also mounteditwoinsulated-shafts,

W W, I I

at the points-1 a and 11 b,-as above set forth. I v

The shafts W W? project into a fluid-tight casing, K, suitably insulated from the frame of the machine and from their shafts, said cas- 1 ing carrying the line-wire bindingqgOStSL The casing is partially filled with a conductivc fluidin which is partly immerseda disk, sone on each shaft W W'-'the currents passing from'disk s to disks a through their respective shafts and through the fluid in the casing and the latter to line. The rapid revolution of the disks 0 will distribute'the coneach carrying a disk, 8, for taking off ductive fluid-over the entire innersurface of the casing, and so connect it electrically with the entire surface of the disk therein.

In an armature such as described, and more especially when bars orrods d d are used instead of wire, means for cooling it may be entirely dispensed with, as the ambient air can. freely circulate'around its elements. On the other hand, an armature is provided that is not only devoid of a core, but is of so sm'all a diameter that theproximate magnets of a pair of field-magnets may be brought very close to gether-in fact much closer than is the casein any other armature with which I am acquaintmachine very materially:

'I have stated above that the modeoi fwinding the wire "or wires or arranging the rods or bars is applicable also to cylindrical arma-' tures.

InFigs; 4,-5, 6, and 7 I have sliown an ar-i. mature with four I rule given above there may be4 161 equal reducing the dimensions of the" poles, and according'to the, 1

. 951 to sixty-three contact-points, or sixteen .ior. I

three pole-sections and fifteen for the. fourth. I Fig. 7. illustrates by a projection the perim-i I eter of thecylindrical armature, the supper I sition being of. course that'thelength of the} The winding is substantially the sameas above, described, the wires rnnningfrom sideto side, forming points of contactonopposite sides of the cylinder. 1 .2 It is obvious that if :the winding is started,

for instance, from the point 1 a on one'side or edge and carried 'alternatelyfrom side to side in a zigzag manner, said wire will go from contactpOihfilfOWlM simeomacc-point 1 on except. at the last section tim'efslithe width thereofi i and-as this has only fifteen pointsthe wire point 2- at the right of point 1 a, and by continuing thewinding said wirewill finally return upon itself at the starting-point.

another in the manner substantially as described, thereby forming two parallel 'ringsm O and O,on opposite sides of the cylinder,

45 .The points of contact are isolated from one tires being suitably insulated fromthe con tactpoints. q ,The wheel. is mounted on a shaft, W, Fig."

said ringsbeing clamped in grooveslhaving 1-30 the formiofa dovetail in cross-section by The cy1- means of end plates or disks, D D.

inder or drum 6 in this case carries a core piece, G, and is mounted on a shaft, \V. The currents are taken off, as above described, from suitable points-say 1 a and 17 b,Fig. 7in the manner and by the means above set forth. The poles in this arrangement will have the form of a square, as indicated by shading in Fig. 7. Of course an armature having a different number of poles maybe constructed in the manner specified, in which case the poles will have the form ofa rhombus.

P P indicate the field maguets, the relative arrangement of which in either construction of armature will be readily understood. It is plainly indicated in the drawings and needs no detailed description.

In Figs. 4 and 5 I have shown, instead ofthe wires,bars or rods arranged in different planes in the manner described.

Although the means for taking off the currents are very convenient, I do not desire to limit myself thereto, as other means or arrangements may be adopted. For instance, the inner ring, 0, may he made available as a commutator, or the points of contact of said inner ring, 0', may be connected with a commutator mounted on the shaft Band, instead of the rolling-contacts described, other means, such as springs, brushes, 850., may be employ-ed to take off the currents. I

Having now described my invention, what I claim is 1. An armature for a mnltipolar dynamoelectric machine having two series of contactpoints arranged either parallel to or concentric with one another, a conductor connecting said cont-actpoints, arranged to form a series of partial triangles having their apices at the said contact-points and imaginary bases, the conductor being continued progressively throughout the entire series of contact-points, so that at the termination of the winding said conductor returns upon itself at the point of starting, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. An armature for a multipoiar dynamoelectrie machine having two series of contactpoints arranged either parallel to or concentrio with one another, a continuous conductor connecting said contact-points, arranged to form a series of partial triangles having their apiccs at the said contact-points, and imaginary bases slightly greater than the angular distance between two like poles of the fieldmagnets, the conductor being continued progressively throughout the entire seriesof contact-points, so that at the termination of the winding said conductor returns upon itself at the point of starting, substantially as described. i

3. An armaturefor a multipolar dynamoelectrie machine having two series of contactpoints arranged either parallel to or concentrio with one another,a continuous conductor connecting said contactpoints, arranged to form a series of partial triangles having their apices at the said eontactpoints, and iinagin ary bases slightly greater than the angular distance between two like poles of the fieldmagnets, the conductor being continued progressively throughout the entire series of con tact-points, so that at the termination of the winding said conductor returns upon itself at the point of starting, and field-magnet poles substantially corresponding to the angles produced by the intersections or crossings of said conductor, substantially as described.

4. An armature for a multipolar dynamoeleetric machinehaving two series of contact points of uneven number, a conductor arranged to form a series of partial triangles or two sides of a triangle with apiees at said contact-pointsin both series, the said conductor being carried continuonsl y and progressively throughout the entire series of contacts until at its termination it returns upon itself at the point of starting, substantially as described.

5. In a disk-armature, a pair of concentric rings, each containing a series of contactpoints, and aconductor extending from one to the other ring on lines approximately tangent to the inner ring to one of the contactpoints on the other ring, and thence returning di rectly and substantially at a tangent to another contact-point on the first ring, and so proceeding progressively throughout the entire series of contact-points until it returns upon itself at the starting-point, in combination with a series of fieldmagnets having poles substantially corresponding to the angles produced by theintersections or crossings of said conductor, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with an armature having a series of peripheral contacts, of a plurality of current collectors, each comprising two revoluble contacts, one in contact with the armature and the other with a conductive fluid, and a conductive connection between the two, substantially as described. v

7. The combination, with an armature having a series of peripheral contacts, of a plurality of current -collectors, each comprising two revoluble conductors, one in contact with the armature and the other in contact with a conductingfluid contained in a conductive casing provided with means for securing thereto the line-wires, and a-conductive connection between said rolling conductors, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I alfix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WALDEMAR FRITSCH E. 

